Information about Types of Conjunctivitis
By cdc.gov
Conjunctivitis can result from many causes, including viruses, bacteria, allergens, contact lens use (especially the extended-wear type), chemicals, fungi, and certain diseases.
Infected children should be allowed to remain in school once any indicated therapy is implemented, except when viral or bacterial conjunctivitis is accompanied by systemic signs of illness. However, infected students should refrain from attending school if their behavior is such that close contact with other students cannot be avoided.
Viral Conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis can be caused by the following viruses, with adenoviruses being one of the most common causes:
-Adenoviruses
-Rubella virus
-Rubeola (measles) virus
-Herpesviruses, including
-Herpes simplex virus
-Varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox and shingles
-Epstein-Barr virus, which also causes infectious mononucleosis (mono)
-Picornaviruses, such as coxsackievirus A24 and enterovirus 70 (which has caused outbreaks in other countries)
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious. Most viruses that cause conjunctivitis are spread through hand-to-eye contact by hands or objects that are contaminated with the infectious virus. Hands can become contaminated by having contact with infectious tears, eye discharge, fecal matter, or respiratory discharges. Viral conjunctivitis can also spread by large respiratory tract droplets.
Depending on the cause of viral conjunctivitis, some patients may have additional symptoms or conditions, such as the following:
-Common cold, flu, or other respiratory infection
-Pharyngoconjunctivial fever — a syndrome that can produce conjunctivitis as well as a fever and sore throat, and is most commonly caused by infection with adenovirus serotypes 3, 4, and 7
-Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis — a more severe type of conjunctivitis, commonly caused by infection with adenovirus serotypes 8, 19, and 37
-Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis — a type of conjunctivitis that is often associated with large epidemics worldwide, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. The viruses most commonly associated with it include enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus A24, and adenoviruses.
-Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis — a type of conjunctivitis associated with herpes simplex virus and blister-like lesions on the skin; it may affect only one eye
-Rubella and rubeola (measles) — conjunctivitis can occur with these viral rash illnesses which are usually accompanied by rash, fever, and cough.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common form of bacterial conjunctivitis in outpatient healthcare settings. [2] The bacteria that most commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis in the United States are
-Staphylococcus aureus
-Haemophilus influenzae
-Streptococcus pneumoniae
-Moraxella catarrhalis
Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious. Most bacteria that cause conjunctivitis are spread through direct hand-to-eye contact from contaminated hands. People can get conjunctivitis just by touching or using something that an infected person has touched or used. It can also spread by large respiratory tract droplets. Bacterial conjunctivitis is less common in children older than 5 years of age.
Topical antimicrobial therapy is indicated for bacterial conjunctivitis, which is usually distinguished by a purulent exudate.
Depending on the cause of bacterial conjunctivitis, some patients may have additional symptoms or conditions, such as the following:
-Hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis — a more severe type of conjunctivitis that occurs suddenly, develops rapidly and is accompanied by a large amount of yellow-green discharge that returns even after being wiped away from the eye(s). It is most often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sexually active adults. This infection can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly by an eye doctor. [2]
-Chronic bacterial conjunctivitis — often develops along with another inflammatory condition (blepharitis) that promotes bacteria growth in the eyelid; flaky debris and warmth along the lid may also be present. Symptoms last for at least 4 weeks with frequent episodes. People with this condition should see an eye doctor. [3]
-Inclusion (chlamydial) conjunctivitis — more common in newborns; includes redness of the eye(s), swelling of the eyelids, and discharge of pus, usually 5 to 12 days after birth.
-Gonococcal conjunctivitis — more common in newborns; includes red eyes, thick pus in the eyes, and swelling of the eyelids, usually 2 to 4 days after birth.
-Trachoma — a chronic follicular conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea and is the leading global cause of preventable blindness of infectious origin. It is transmitted from person to person, through shared items or by flies. Repeat infections occur in children less than 10 years of age, and it is common in developing countries. Learn more about trachoma and other hygiene-related diseases.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Alergic conjunctivitis is common in people who have other signs of allergic disease, such as hay fever, asthma, and eczema. It is caused by the body’s reaction to certain substances to which it is allergic, such as
-Pollen from trees, plants, grasses, and weeds
-Dust mites
-Animal dander
-Molds
-Contact lenses and lens solution
-Cosmetics
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/clinical.html
Sunday, May 31, 2026
Meclizine: The Generic Form Of Meclizine Explained
Meclizine is the generic name of the medication sold under the brand name Meclizine. Generic medications contain the same active ingredient at the same dose and strength as their brand name counterparts and must meet the same FDA standards for quality, purity, and bioequivalence. The development and approval of generic drugs play an important role in making effective treatments more accessible and affordable for patients. Managing vertigo depends on its underlying cause. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is effectively treated with particle repositioning maneuvers that move the displaced calcium crystals back to their proper location. Vestibular neuritis, caused by viral inflammation of the vestibular nerve, typically resolves with time and vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Medications are used mainly to provide symptomatic relief from acute vertigo episodes and associated nausea, and are not generally recommended for long-term use because they can interfere with the brain's natural process of vestibular compensation. The pharmacological action of meclizine is the basis for its use in treating conditions within the category of vertigo and dizziness treatment. Understanding the mechanism by which the active compound produces its therapeutic effects helps patients appreciate why the medication needs to be taken consistently and at the correct dose to achieve the best results. Switching between brand name and generic versions of a medication is generally considered safe when the products are bioequivalent, but patients should inform their doctor if they notice any differences in effect after a formulary change. Some patients with conditions requiring precise drug levels in the blood may be monitored more closely during transitions. For most patients, however, approved generics provide equivalent therapeutic benefit to the brand name product. The https://mednewwsstoday.com/vertigo/ section on vertigo and dizziness treatment covers both brand name and generic treatment options, giving patients a complete picture of what is available. Cost, insurance coverage, and pharmacy availability are practical factors to discuss with a pharmacist when filling a prescription for meclizine.
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